What is Ledger?
Ledger is a French technology company known for developing industry-leading hardware wallets for securing cryptocurrency assets. Founded in 2014, Ledger specializes in creating devices and software that allow users to safely manage digital currencies in a world of increasing online threats. The company’s flagship products include the Ledger Nano S and Ledger Nano X—hardware wallets that securely store private keys offline.
The main idea behind Ledger is to offer a secure solution that gives users full ownership of their cryptocurrencies. Unlike centralized exchanges or hot wallets that are always connected to the internet, Ledger devices operate offline, making them resistant to hacks, malware, and phishing attacks.
Ledger Devices: Nano S and Nano X
Ledger’s product line includes two primary hardware wallets:
- Ledger Nano S: A compact and affordable wallet that supports over 5,000 crypto assets. It connects via USB and is ideal for users who only need to manage a few accounts at a time.
- Ledger Nano X: A premium version with Bluetooth support, allowing users to manage their assets via mobile devices. It has more memory and supports multiple applications simultaneously.
Both devices are built with a secure chip (CC EAL5+ certified) and follow a dual-layer security model—keeping private keys completely offline while interacting with the blockchain through trusted software.
Ledger Live: Companion Software
Ledger Live is the official desktop and mobile app for managing Ledger devices. It acts as the interface through which users can:
- View their crypto portfolio in real-time
- Send and receive coins securely
- Buy, sell, and swap cryptocurrencies
- Stake tokens and earn rewards
- Install or uninstall apps for specific blockchains
Ledger Live supports thousands of cryptocurrencies and tokens, including Bitcoin, Ethereum, Binance Coin, Solana, Cardano, and many more. The software is regularly updated to include new tokens and features. Importantly, all transactions must be confirmed on the physical Ledger device, providing an extra layer of validation and protection.
Security Architecture
Ledger wallets are known for their strong security standards. Every device is equipped with a Secure Element (SE) chip—the same type used in passports and credit cards. This chip isolates private keys from the main operating system and external interfaces.
In addition, Ledger uses its proprietary operating system called BOLOS (Blockchain Open Ledger Operating System). This OS runs on the Secure Element and ensures that each application operates independently, reducing the attack surface significantly.
Some key aspects of Ledger's security model include:
- Offline private key generation and storage
- Physical user confirmation of transactions
- Firmware signing and validation
- PIN code access and device lockout
- Backup and recovery via 24-word seed phrase
Ledger never stores your private keys, passwords, or recovery phrases. Users are fully responsible for safeguarding their recovery seed, which is the only way to restore a lost or stolen wallet.
Supported Assets
Ledger supports over 5,500 digital assets including major cryptocurrencies like:
- Bitcoin (BTC)
- Ethereum (ETH)
- Ripple (XRP)
- Solana (SOL)
- Polkadot (DOT)
- Dogecoin (DOGE)
- Chainlink (LINK)
It also supports most ERC-20, BEP-20, and NFTs on Ethereum. Ledger Live allows users to add accounts for different coins and tokens, and developers can integrate additional coins using Ledger’s SDK and third-party apps.
How to Use a Ledger Wallet
- Purchase your Ledger device directly from the official Ledger website to avoid tampering.
- Download and install Ledger Live for your operating system.
- Connect your Ledger wallet via USB (Nano S) or Bluetooth (Nano X).
- Set up a new wallet or restore an existing one using your 24-word seed.
- Install apps for specific cryptocurrencies (e.g., Bitcoin, Ethereum).
- Add accounts and begin managing your crypto securely.
All transactions are initiated in Ledger Live but must be manually approved on the hardware wallet, ensuring physical control.
Benefits of Using Ledger
Ledger is trusted by millions of users and institutional partners for several reasons:
- Security: Hardware-level security with Secure Element chips and offline key storage
- Usability: Intuitive interface through Ledger Live
- Compatibility: Works with DeFi, NFTs, and Web3 dApps
- Portability: Lightweight and easy to carry
- Privacy: Ledger doesn’t track user activity or store private data
Risks and Best Practices
While Ledger provides exceptional security, users must take responsibility for their wallets. Here are essential best practices:
- Never share your 24-word recovery phrase with anyone
- Only buy Ledger from the official website or verified resellers
- Use a strong PIN code on the device
- Avoid using Ledger Live on compromised or untrusted computers
- Regularly update your firmware and Ledger Live app
Ledger offers backup solutions such as Ledger Recovery Pack